Model of diet-induced experimental diabetes mellitus in laboratory gerbils and degus

Original article
УДК 57.084.1
DOI: 10.57034/2618723X-2023-03-07

S.V. Khodko*,
Candidate of Sciences in Medicine, Head of Quality Service,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6935-075X
K.L. Kryshen,
Candidate of Sciences in Biology, Head of the Department of Toxicology and Microbiology,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-7716
E.A. Gaidai,
Quality Manager,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6384

Research and manufacturing company “Home оf Pharmacy”,
188663, Russia, Leningrad oblast, Vsevolozhskiy district, Kuzmolovskiy t.s., Zavodskaya st. 3–245.

* E-mail: [email protected]

Keywords: degu gerbils diet-induced diabetes mellitus experimental diabetes mellitus diet
Acknowledgements

The study was performed without external funding.

For citation:

Khodko S., Kryshen K.L., Gaidai E.A. Model of diet-induced experimental diabetes mellitus in laboratory gerbils and degus. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2023; 3. https://doi.org/10.57034/2618723X-2023-03-07

Abstract

According to the latest data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of patients with diabetes has outpaced previously predicted growth rates and is expected to increase by 51% by 2045. Thus, the development and evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of hypoglycemic agents is an urgent task due to the high social significance of the problem. In preclinical studies there are many models of experimental diabetes mellitus in animals, both with the use of chemical inducers that cause damage to the islet apparatus of the pancreas, and with the use of diets. Accor­ding to the literature data, gerbils and degus are prone to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance when fed on standard laboratory diets, which are relatively high in calories compared to the food obtained by these animals in their natural habitat. Due to this feature the experimental induction of diabetes mellitus in these animal species can be modeled only through the use of a high-calorie diet. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis. Male and female gerbils of two age categories (14–20 and 40–41 weeks), as well as male and female degus, whose age was 65–70 weeks, were used as experimental animals. During the experiment the following indicators were evaluated: the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea in blood plasma, the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 (DPP-4) and the parameters of the glucose tolerance test. Based on the totality of all experimental data a state close to pre-diabetic was established in male and female degus fed on a high-carbohydrate diet. This conclusion was made due to an increase in the activity of the DPP-4 enzyme and the presence of glucose tolerance by the 12th week of the experiment. The induction of experimental diabetes mellitus or latent diabetes mellitus using high-calorie diets failed in the majority of experimental animals (gerbils and degus) regardless of age. The obtained results are suggestive of the motivation for the use of these experimental models for the creation of experimental diabetes.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Authors contribution

S.V. Khodko — interpretation of the research findings; preparation of tables and figures; search and consolidation of literature data; analysis of scientific literature data, editing of the text of the manuscript.
K.L. Kryshen — elaboration of the idea, concept and design of the study, study planning, solution of issues related to data reliability and article integrity; critical review and approval of the final version of the manuscript for publication.
E.A. Gaidai — conducting of the experiment, calculation of the parameters and analysis of the obtained data; statistical processing and analysis of the data obtained.

  1. Директива 2010/63/EU Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза от 22 сентября 2010 г. по охране животных, используемых в научных целях.

References

  1. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. и др. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: динамика эпидемиологических показателей по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета за период 2010–2022 гг. // Сахарный диабет. 2023. Т. 26. № 2. С. 104–123. [Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. et al. Sakharnyi diabet v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: dinamika epidemiologicheskikh pokazatelei po dannym Federal’nogo registra sakharnogo diabeta za period 2010–2022 gg. Sakharnyi diabet. 2023. Vol. 26. N. 3. P. 104–123. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.14341/DM13035.
  2. Okamoto H. Okamoto model for B-cell damage: Recent advances. Lessons from animal diabetes. 1996: 97–111.
  3. Etuk E.U. Animal models for studying diabetes mellitus // Agric. Biol. J. N. Am. 2010. Vol. 1. N. 2. P. 130–134.
  4. Kaiser N., Cerasi E., Leibowitz G. Diet-induced diabetes in the sand rat (Psammomys obesus) // Animal Models in Diabetes Research. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. 2012. P. 89–102.
  5. Гвазава И.Г., Каримова М.В., Васильев А.В. и др. Сахарный диабет 2 типа: особенности патогенеза и экспериментальные модели на грызунах // Acta Naturae. 2022. Т. 14. № 3. С. 57–68. [Gvazava I.G., Karimova M.V., Vasil’ev A.V. et al. Sakharnyi diabet 2 tipa: osobennosti patogeneza i eksperimental’nye modeli na gryzunakh // Acta Naturae. 2022. Vol. 14. N. 3. Р. 57–68. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11751.
  6. Shafrir E., Ziv E., Kalman R. Nutritionally induced diabetes in desert rodents as models of type 2 diabetes: Acomys cahirinus (spiny mice) and Psammomys obesus (desert gerbil) // ILAR journal. 2006. Vol. 47. N. 3. Р. 212–224.
  7. Colby L.A. et al. Degu // The laboratory rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, and other rodents. Academic Press, 2012. Р. 1031–1053.
  8. Walder K., Oakes N., Fahey R.P. et al. Profile of dyslipidemia in Psammomys obesus, an animal model of the metabolic syndrome // Endocr. Regul. 2002. Vol. 36. Р. 1–8.
  9. Wong S.K. et al. Animal models of metabolic syndrome: a review // Nutrition & metabolism. 2016. Vol. 13. N. 1. Р. 65.
  10. Saïdi T., Mbarek S., Omri S. et al. The sand rat, Psammomys obesus, develops type 2 diabetic retinopathy simi­lar to humans // Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2011. Vol. 52. N. 12. Р. 8993–9004.
  11. Rivera D.S., Lindsay C.B., Codocedo J.F. et al. Long-term, fructose-induced metabolic syndrome-like condition is associated with higher metabolism, reduced synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairment in Octodon degus // Molecular neurobiology. 2018. Vol. 55. N. 12. Р. 9169–9187. DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0969-0.
  12. Ardiles A. Octodon degus (Molina 1782): A model in comparative biology and biomedicine // Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. 2013. Vol. 4. Р. 312–318. DOI: 10.1101/pdb.emo071357.
  13. Inducing diets. Diabetes diet. URL: https://altromin.com/products/specialdiets/inducingdiets/C1064 (дата обращения: 04.2023).
  14. Gouaref I., Detaille D., Wiernsperger N. et al. The de­sert gerbil Psammomys obesus as a model for metformin-sensitive nutritional type 2 diabetes to protect hepatocellular metabolic damage: Impact of mitochondrial redox state // PloS one. 2017. Vol. 12. N. 2. Р. 1–17. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172053.
  15. Morris J.L., Bridson T.L., Alim M.A. et al. Development of a diet-induced murine model of diabetes featuring cardinal metabolic and pathophysiological abnorma­lities of type 2 diabetes // Biology open. 2016. Vol. 5. N. 8. Р. 1149–1162. DOI: 10.1242/bio.016790.
  16. FoodData Central. RAISINS. URL: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/441340/nutrients (дата обращения: 04.2023).
  17. FoodData Central. Bananas, dehydrated, or banana powder. URL: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/173945/nutrients (дата обращения 04.2023).
  18. Декоративные грызуны и зайцеобразные: учебное пособие / Н.Б. Никулина; Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации, федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пермский государственный аграрно-технологический университет имени академика Д.Н. Прянишникова». Пермь: ИПЦ «Прокростъ», 2019. 118 с. [Dekorativnye gryzuny i zaitseobraznye: uchebnoe posobie / N.B. Nikulina; Ministerstvo sel’skogo khozyaistva Rossiiskoi Federatsii, federal’noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatel’noe uchrezhdenie vysshego obrazovaniya “Permskii gosudarstvennyi agrarno-tekhnologicheskii universitet imeni akademika D.N. Pryanishnikova”. Perm’: IPTs “Prokrost”, 2019. 118 p. (In Russ.)].
  19. Silva Júnior W.S., Godoy-Matos A.F., Kraemer-Aguiar L.G. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4: A New Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis? // Biomed. Res. Int. 2015. Р. 816164. DOI: 10.1155/2015/816164.
Received: 2023-05-23
Reviewed: 2023-08-03
Accepted for publication: 2023-08-24

You may be interested

NPO "Home of Pharmacy"

188663, Russia, Leningradskaya oblast', Vsevolozhskij rajon, g.p. Kuz'molovskij, Zavodskaya ulica, 3-245

© 2020 ООО «ИД «Русский врач»