Diet-induced models of metabolic disorders. Report 7: Experimental osteoporosis

DOI: 10.29296/2618723X-2019-03-06

M.N. Makarova,
V.G. Makarov

«Institute of Preclinical Research» Ltd. 188663, Russia, Leningrad oblast, Vsevolozhskiy district, Kuzmolovskiy t.s., Zavodskaya st. 3-245
E-mail: [email protected]


Keywords: osteoporosis diet-induced model

For citation:

Makarova M.N., Makarov V.G. Diet-induced models of metabolic disorders. Report 7: Experimental osteoporosis. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2019; 3. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2019-03-06

Abstract

The high incidence of osteoporosis dictates the need to find ways to effectively prevent and treat it, including in animal experiments. Of the huge number of models on different types of animals (rodents, rabbits, sheep, etc.), the most part is used by rats, which not only have a similarity of pathophysiological reactions of the skeleton with those of man, but also convenient to maintain, maintain and breed, cheap and do not have such ethical restrictions as dogs, cats and monkeys, etc. In this case, apply mainly rats wild outbred lines (Sprague Dawley, etc.).

For the induction of osteoporosis, the most appropriate are complex methods that combine ovariectomy in females or orchidectomy in males, with simultaneous administration of corticosteroids against the background of a diet deficient in calcium, and sometimes in phosphorus and vitamin D. in This case, females are preferable to males due to the faster development of osteoporosis. Usually, synthetic diets containing 0.1% and less calcium are used to model osteoporosis (control animals receive a diet with 0.6–1.1% calcium).

To assess the presence of osteoporosis in experimental animals should be used indicators characterizing both the intensity of bone formation (activity of alkaline phosphatase, the content of osteocalcin and procollagen I serum polypeptides), and the level of bone resorption (activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase of blood serum, the content of hydroxyproline and pyridinolines in urine). In addition, it is important to the content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood serum, excretion of calcium in the urine, bone mineral density, weight of the thighs and their rupture test, as well as histomorphology of bone tissues. It is shown that the greatest changes in animals with osteoporosis are characteristic of indicators characterizing the strength of bone tissues and their weight, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, body weight, excretion of calcium in the urine, while the content of calcium and serum phosphorus does not change significantly.

Full text available in Russain only.

References

  1. Смолянский Б.Л., Лифляндский В.Г. Лечение остеопороза. – СПб.: Издательский дом «Нева», 2006: 256. [Smolyanskii B.L., Liflyandskii V.G. Lechenie osteoporoza. SPb.: Izdatel'skii dom «Neva», 2006: 256 (in Russ)].
  2. Наумов А.В., Верткин А.Л. Остеопороз. Руководство для практических врачей. Серия «Амбулаторный прием» М.: Эксмо, 2014: 127. [Naumov A.V., Vertkin A.L. Osteoporoz. Rukovodstvo dlya prakticheskikh vrachei. Seriya «Ambulatornyi priem» M.: Eksmo, 2014: 127 (in Russ)].
  3. Henriksen K., Christiansen C., Karsdal M.A. Role of biochemical markers in the management of osteoporosis. Climacteric. 2015;18 Suppl 2:10-8. DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1101256.
  4. Calciolari E., Donos N., Mardas N. Osteoporotic Animal Models of Bone Healing: Advantages and Pitfalls. J. Invest. Surg., 2017 Oct; 30 (5): 342–50. DOI. 10.1080/08941939.2016.1241840
  5. Satpathy S., Patra A., Ahirwar B. Experimental techniques for screening of antiosteoporotic activity in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Complement. Integr. Med. 2015 Dec; 12 (4): 251–66. DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0034.
  6. Eastell R., O'Neill T.W., Hofbauer L.C., Langdahl B., Reid I.R., Gold D.T., Cummings S.R. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2016 Sep 29;2:16069. DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.69.
  7. Смолянский Б.Л., Лифляндский В.Г. Лечебное питание. Карманный справочник. М.: «ОЛМА Медиа Групп», 2010: 800. [Smolyanskii B.L., Liflyandskii V.G. Lechebnoe pitanie. Karmannyi spravochnik. M.: «OLMA Media Grupp», 2010: 800 (in Russ)].
  8. Ларцев Ю.В., Шерешовец А.А. Выбор оптимальной экспериментальной модели остеопороза. Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук, 2015. т.17; 5 (3): 810–12. [Lartsev Yu.V., Shereshovets A.A. Vybor optimal'noi eksperimental'noi modeli osteoporoza. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2015. Vol.. 17; 5 (3): 810–2 (in Russ)].
  9. Dias I.R., Camassa J.A., Bordelo J.A., Babo P.S., Viegas C.A., Dourado N., Reis R.L., Gomes M.E. Preclinical and Translational Studies in Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goat) as Models for Osteoporosis Research. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 2018 Apr; 16 (2): 182–7. DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0431-2.
  10. Gao X., Ma W., Dong H., Yong Z., Su R. Establishing a rapid animal model of osteoporosis with ovariectomy plus low calcium diet in rats. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2014 Jul 15; 7 (8): 5123–8.
  11. Zhang Z., Ren H. Shen G., Qiu T., Liang D., Yang Z., Yao Z., Tang J., Jiang X., Wei Q. Animal models for glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis: An updated review. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2016 Dec; 84: 438–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.045.
  12. Park J.H., Omi N., Nosaka T., Kitajima A., Ezawa I. Estrogen deficiency and low-calcium diet increased bone loss and urinary calcium excretion but did not alter arterial stiffness in young female rats. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 2008; 26 (3): 218–25. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-007-0822-4.
  13. Aikawa Y., Agata U., Kakutani Y., Kato S., Noma Y., Hattori S., Ogata H., Ezawa I., Omi N. The Preventive Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Weak BonesCaused by the Interaction of Exercise and Food Restriction in Young Female Rats During the Period from Acquiring Bone Mass to Maintaining Bone Mass. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2016 Jan; 98 (1): 94–103. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0067-5. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
  14. Lelovas P.P., Xanthos T.T., Thoma S.E., Lyritis G.P., Dontas I.A. The laboratory rat as an animal model for osteoporosis research. Comp. Med. 2008 Oct; 58 (5): 424–30.
  15. Vasikaran S.D. Utility of biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral densityin management of osteoporosis. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 2008; 45 (2): 221–58. DOI: 10.1080/10408360801949442.
  16. Aikawa Y., Agata U., Kakutani Y., Higano M., Hattori S., Ogata H., Ezawa I., Omi N. The Interaction of Voluntary Running Exercise and Food Restriction Induces Low Bone Strength and Low Bone Mineral Density in YoungFemale Rats. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2015 Jul; 97 (1): 90–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0005-6.
  17. Hattori S., Agata U., Park J.H., Iimura Y., Tokuda S., Ezawa I., Omi N. The relationship between salivary calcium concentration and differencesin bone mineral density level in female rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo). 2014; 60 (3): 152–8.

You may be interested