Animal choice strategy for research. Report 1: animal choice based on phylogenic relationships

Review
УДК 57.065
DOI: 10.29296/2618723X-2022-02-07

M.N. Makarova*, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-6386
A.A. Matichin, Research Fellow, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-0748
A.A. Maticina, Research Fellow, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-4942
V.G. Makarov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Supervisor, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-7888

Research and manufacturing company «Home оf Pharmacy»,
188663, Russia, Leningrad oblast, Vsevolozhskiy district, Kuzmolovskiy t. s., Zavodskaya st. 3–245

* е-mail: [email protected]

Keywords: laboratory animals 3Rs animal research translation phylogeny
Acknowledgements

The study was performed without external funding.

For citation:

Makarova M.N., Matichin A.А., Maticina A.A., Makarov V.G. Animal choice strategy for research. Report 1: animal choice based on phylogenic relationships. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2022; 2. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2022-02-07

Abstract

Animal research has been and remain part and parcel of the humanity scientific sphere. There is biodiversity enormous of living organisms with special properties and characteristics that may be applied researches. During the first half of the 20th century, animal choice was based on principle of convenient for study. For example, giant axons of the squid Loligo forbesii for neurological studies, pigeon breast muscle for oxidative metabolism study and etc. In the last half of the 20th century laboratory animal biodiversity was decreased to main «model organisms», which has resulted in a low translation problem of preclinical research.

Now animal choice should be conditioned not only high translation, but also it should be followed the ethical principles. Attempts were made to make animal choice recommendations in «The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique» by Russell W.M.S. and Burch R.L. In practice proposed mechanism did not make specific recommendations. Garber J.C and his collaborators were subsequently asked to base their selection of the species on its evolutionary history. The knowledge of evolutionary biologists' application helps to solve the problem of low translation results, as well as to follow one of the principles of 3Rs — the replacement of the animal species. So understanding the phylogenetic position and evolutionary history of species can aid to determine the most beneficial and representative characteristics of the animal for a particular study in terms of translation, respecting the principle of relative substitution based on phylogenetic scale.

The present report considers various methods and makes recommendations for animal choice for model and toxicological study. The problem of presence of animal «laboratorisation» factor and its influence on data translation has been raised. A researcher, not an evolutionary, encounters a variety of different phylogenetic trees and a wealth of information about the evolution of a given biological aspect in justifying the animal choice based on a phylogenetic relationship. In this regard, an attempt was made to systematize the most commonly used animals in research depending on their evolutionary position.

Conflict of interest

V.G. Makarov — is the Editorin-chief.
M.N. Makarova — is a member of the Editorial board.

Authors contribution

M.N. Makarova — idea, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, writing, editing and revision of the text of the manuscript, responsibility for all aspects of the work related to the reliability of data.
A.A. Matichin — analysis of scientific and methodological literature.
A.A. Matichina — editing and revision of the text of the manuscript.
V.G. Makarov — editing the text of the manuscript, summarizing the results, approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Received: 2022-03-23
Reviewed: 2022-05-17
Accepted for publication: 2022-05-31

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