Justification and development of methods for the assessment of long-term and short-term memory of pigs based on the conditioned reflex of food acquisition in the maze

Original article

УДК 57.024
DOI: 10.57034/2618723X-2022-03-07

O.I. Aleshina*, PhD of biological sciences, researcher, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-9511
A.V. Konovalov, Deputy Head of the Research and Testing Department
M.S. Vahviyainen, junior research
A.A. Kryazhevskikh, research laboratory assistant
N.G. Vengerovich, MD of medical sciences, Deputy Head of Research and Testing Department, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-341X

Federal State Budgetary Institution State Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation,
195043, Russia, St. Petersburg, 4 Lesoparkovaya st.

* E-mail: [email protected]


Keywords: pigs memory complex eating behavior maze scopolamine

Acknowledgements

The study was performed without external funding.


For citation:

Aleshina O.I, Konovalov A.V., Vahviyainen M.S., Kryazhevskikh A.A., Vengerovich N.G. Justification and development of methods for the assessment of long-term and short-term memory of pigs based on the conditioned reflex of food acquisition in the maze. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2022; 3. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2022-03-07

Abstract

According to the analysis of scientific literature, it has been shown that pigs are the optimal biological object among laboratory animals for the assessment of cognitive impairment caused by various pharmaceutical substances of medicinal agents. It has been established that pigs have a number of advantages compared to rodents and primates (physiological indicators, structural and anatomical features, convenience and relative cheapness of keeping), which allows one to consider them as a convenient object for a wide range of preclinical studies, including the study of cognitive abilities. A technique has been developed and tested for assessing long-term and short-term memory of pigs, based on the formation of a search for food rewards in a T-shaped maze modification. Criteria allowing to evaluate features of memorization processes, storage and reproduction of information have been defined. The assessment of efficiency of the methodology for the evaluation of a skill developed in pigs (a long-term memory assessment) and the preservation of a memory trace about a changed place of food reinforcement (assessment of working memory and the transition of information to long-term memory) has been made. Testing and checking the technique efficiency has been carried out with intravenous administration of an amnesic agent scopolamine at a dose of 0,28 mg/kg.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Authors contribution

O.I. Aleshina, A.V. Konovalov — significant contribution to the conception or а design of the study, writing, agreement to be responsible for all aspects of the work, proper study and resolution of issues related to the validity of the data and the integrity of all parts of the paper.
M.S. Vakhviyainen, A.A. Kryazhevskikh — substantial contribution of the work, collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the results of the study.
N.G. Vengerovich — critical revision of the text content, approval of the final version of the articles for publication.

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Received: 2022-06-29
Reviewed: 2022-08-17
Accepted for publication: 2022-08-24

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