Preventive treatment measures in preclinical studies (antiparasitic treatment)

DOI: 10.29296/2618723X-2020-04-05

D. Yu. Akimov, chief veterinarian, ORCID 0000-0003-3141-492X

A. R. Ziyatdinova,  veterinary doctor of the nursery, ORCID 0000-0001-9390-9931

E. A. Snizko, veterinary paramedic, ORCID 0000-0002-4892-9420

M. A. Ilyinskaya, zootechnician for reproduction ORCID 0000-0001-8643-3613;

A.V. Vasiliev, veterinary doctor of the vivarium, ORCID 0000-0002-1972-2842

Research-and-manufacturing company «Home of Pharmacy»,188663, Russia, Leningradskiy region, Vsevolozhskiy district, Kuzmolovskiy t.s., Zavodskaya st., 3-245

Institute Preclinical Research Ltd.,188663, Russia, Leningradskiy region, Vsevolozhskiy district, Kuzmolovskiy t.s., Zavodskaya st., 3-245

Е-mail: [email protected]


Keywords: animal health monitoring parasite helminths deworming arachnoentomoses insectoacaricide treatment protozoonoses laboratory animals rodents rabbits predatory mammals dwarf pigs

For citation:

Akimov D.Yu., Ziyatdinova A.R., Snizko E. A., Ilyinskaya М.А., Vasiliev A.V. Preventive treatment measures in preclinical studies (antiparasitic treatment). Laboratory Animals for Science. 2020; 4. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2020-04-05

Abstract

The mission of clinical and agricultural veterinary medicine in terms of antiparasitic prophylactic measures is to provide animals with long-term protection from invasive agents. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiparasitic drugs are considered under the prism of the safety of raw materials and finished products for human use or consumption. However, although this issue has been studied, the available data in free access is not sufficient to draw up a plan of therapeutic and prophylactic measures in laboratory animals.

In the present work, the theme of necessity to carry out monitoring of animals' health concerning parasitic agents is revealed, which should include diagnostics of morbidity of laboratory animals with arachnoentomoses, helminthoses, and protozoonoses. When an invasive agent is detected, it is vital to identify it before the genus, and in some cases, the type of pathogen. This factor is key in assessing the virulence of the pathogen. Pre-species identification makes it possible to predict the potential spread within the kennel among other laboratory animals and to make judgments about the susceptibility of humans. By understanding which parasitic agent has been identified, it is possible to trace its entire life cycle and to understand whether other laboratory animal species can be definitive, intermediate, additional, or tank hosts. Monitoring of parasitic agents allows you to choose the best schemes of prevention, and if necessary, the methods of treatment, develop and improve sanitary measures. Based on the monitoring of animal health, it is possible to judge the effectiveness of conducted antiparasitic measures, to plan therapeutic actions in the detection of infestations, and to control their effectiveness. The article deals with individual classes of parasitic organisms and their determinants among laboratory animals.

The approaches to the choice of preparations for preventive antiparasitic measures for laboratory animals depending on their type, be it laboratory rodents (mice, gerbils, hamsters, rats, teddy, guinea pigs), rabbits, predatory mammals (ferrets, cats, dogs), or dwarf pigs (mini-pigs) are considered. A review of the literature on the pharmacokinetics of essential drugs for preventive measures depending on the type of animals, the route of administration, and dosage. Recommendations on control of helminthiases, arachnoentomoses and protozoonoses are given based on the need for quality test systems and the period of the half-life of drugs.

Full text avaliable in Russain only

Authors ‘ contributions

D. Y. Akimov – the idea, concept, collection and systematization of material, writing, editing of article text.
A. R. Ziyatdinova – concept, collection and systematization of material, writing, editing of article text.
E. A. Snizhko – collection and systematization of the material.
M. A. Ilyinskaya – collection and editing of the text to be.
A. V. Vasiliev – edit the text of the article.
 

References

  1. Webster J., Animal Welfare: Freedoms, Dominions and "A Life Worth Living" // Animals (Basel). – 2016. – V.6(6). - №35. Р. 42-50. DOI: 10.3390/ani6060035
  2. Макаров В.Г., Макарова М.Н. Новое в науке и практике доклинических исследований. Сообщение 2. Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2020; 3. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2020-03-01 [Makarova M., Makarov V. New in the science and practice of preclinical research. Report 2. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2020; 03: с 3–6. https://doi.org/10/29926/2618723X-2020-03-01. (In Russ.)]
  3. Le Bailly M., Araújo A., Past Intestinal Parasites // Microbiol Spectr. - 2016 – V. 4(4). P. 226-230/ DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PoH-0013-2015.
  4. Архипов, И. А. Антигельминтики: фармакология и применение/ И.А. Архипов.- М., - 2009. - 406 с. [Arkhipov, I. A. Antigel'mintiki: farmakologiya i primenenie/ I.A. Arkhipov.- M., - 2009. - 406 s. (In Russ.)].
  5. Шемяков С.А., Шемяков Д.Н. Паразитарные болезни лабораторных грызунов- URL.: –https://veterinarka.ru/vetconf/parazitarnye-bolezni-laboratornyh-gryzunov.html (дата обращения:07.2020). [Shemyakov S.A., Shemyakov D.N. Parazitarnye bolezni laboratornykh gryzunov- URL.: –https://veterinarka.ru/vetconf/parazitarnye-bolezni-laboratornyh-gryzunov.html (data obrashcheniya:07.2020) (In Russ.)].
  6. World Health Organization. Sustaining the Drive to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Diseases: Second WHO Report on Neglected Diseases.Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013.
  7. Nolan T.J, Hawdon J.M., Longhofer S.L. // Vet. Parasitol. - 1992. - V. 41. – P. 121-125. DOI: 10.1016 / 0304-4017 (92) 90015-2
  8. Baker D.G. Flynn's Parasites of Laboratory Animals, Second Edition // Blackwell Publishing. - 2007. рр. 813. DOI: 10.1002 / 9780470344552
  9. Бекиров Р.Э. Новые антгельминтики против цестодозов плотоядных // Гельминтозы и паразитарные болезни с.-х. животных в Узбекистане. – 1984. - С. 13-16 [Bekirov R.E. Novye antgel'mintiki protiv tsestodozov plotoyadnykh // Gel'mintozy i parazitarnye bolezni s.-kh. zhivotnykh v Uzbekistane. – 1984. - S. 13-16. (In Russ.)].
  10. Harms C.A. Treatments for parasitic diseases of aquarium and ornamental fish. Semin // Avian Exotic Pet Med. – 1996. – V. 5(2). – Р. 54-63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00425
  11. Huerkamp M.J., Ivermectin eradication of inw worms from rats kept in ventilated cages // Lab. Anim. - 1993. – V. 43. – Р. 86-90.
  12. Kim Y.A., Yoon Y.S., Kim H.S., Jeon S.J., Cole E., Lee J., Cho Y. H. Distribution of fipronil in humans, and adverse health outcomes of in utero fipronil sulfone exposure in newborns // International journal of hygiene and environmental health. – 2019. — V. 222(3). – Р. 524-532.
  13. Daugschies A, Imarom S, Ganter M, Bollwahn W. Prevalence of Eimeria spp. in sows at piglet-producing farms in Germany // J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. – 2004. — V. 51(3). – Р. 135-139. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00734.x
  14. Wijayaratne L.K.W., Arthur F.H., Whyard S. Methoprene and control of stored-product insects // Journal of Stored Products Research. – 2018. — V. 76. – Р. 161-169.
  15. Самойловская Н.А. Условия применения солевых брикетов с ивермектином диким животным при паразитозах // Ветеринария. – 2019. № 6. С. 34-37. DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2019.22.6.34-37 [Samoilovskaya N.A. Usloviya primeneniya solevykh briketov s ivermektinom dikim zhivotnym pri parazitozakh // Veterinariya. – 2019. № 6. S. 34-37. DOI:10.30896/0042-4846.2019.22.6.34-37 (In Russ.)]
  16. Kraft M.Ya.; Kochergin P.M.; Tsyganova A.M.; Shlikhunova V.S. Synthesis of metronidazole from ethylenediamine // Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. — 1989. — V. 23, № 10. DOI:10.1007 / bf00764821
  17. Haberkorn A., Friis C.W., Schulz H.P. Control of an outbreak of mouse coccidiosis in a closed colony // Lab. Anim. – 1983. — V. 17. – Р. 59-64. DOI:10.1258 / 002367783781070803
  18. Mundt H.C., Daugschies A. Current experience with Isospora suis infections. In: Bayer HealthCare Animal Health // 18th Congress of the International Veterinary Society, “The appropriate management of preweaning diarrhoea, a crucial point in maintaining pig health”. – 2004. – Р. 1–14.
  19. Peeters J.E., Geeroms R. Efficacy of toltrazuril against intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits // Vet. Parasitol. – 1986. – V. 22. – Р. 388-394. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(89)90111-8
  20. Findon G., Miller T.E. Treatment of Trichosomoides crassicauda in laboratory rats using ivermectin // Lab. Anim. Sci. – 1997. – V. 37(4). – Р. 496-499. DOI:10.1.1.394.495
  21. Summa M.E.L., Ebisui L., Osaka J.T., de Tolosa E.M.C. Efficacy of oral ivermectin against Trichosomoides crassicauda in naturally infected laboratory rats // Lab. Anim. Sci. – 1992. - V. 42. - Р. 620-622.
  22. McKellar, Q.A. Clinical relevance of the pharmacological properties of fluoroquinolones. Suppl. Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet.18(2):14-21,1996
  23. Coghh, L.G., Lee D.R., Psencik B., Weiss D. Practical and effective eradication of pinworms (Syphacia muris) in rats by use of fenbendazole // Lab. Anim. – 1993. - V. 43. – Р. 481-487. DOI: 10.5958 / 2277-940X.2015.00055.8
  24. McKellar Q.A. Drug dosages for small mammals // In Practice. – 1989. – Р. 57-61. DOI: 10.1258/002367792780745706
  25. Васильевич Ф.И., Малахова Н.А. Поиск эффективных средств и способов лечения оксиуратозов лабораторных животных // Вестник Орловского государственного аграрного университета. - 2011. - Т. 28. - С. 34-35. [Vasil'evich F.I., Malakhova N.A. Poisk effektivnykh sredstv i sposobov lecheniya oksiuratozov laboratornykh zhivotnykh // Vestnik Orlovskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. - 2011. - T. 28. - S. 34-35. (In Russ.)]
  26. Haberkorn A., Friis C.W., Schulz H.P. Control of an outbreak of mouse coccidiosis in a closed colony // Lab. Anim. -1983. - V. 17. - Р. 59-64. DOI: 10.1258/002367783781070803
  27. Battles A.N., Adams S.W., Courtney C.H.. Efficacy of ivermectin against natural infection of Syphacia muris in rats // Lab.Anim. - 1987. – V. 37(6). - Р. 791-792. DOI: 10.1177/0023677214562850
  28. Климова Е.С., Бабинцева Т.В. Паразитофауна лабораторных грызунов // Ученые записки Казанской государственной академии ветеринарной медицины им. Н.Э. Баумана. - 2019. - Т. 240. № 4. - С. 105-108 [Klimova E.S., Babintseva T.V. Parazitofauna laboratornykh gryzunov // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii veterinarnoi meditsiny im. N.E. Baumana. - 2019. - T. 240. № 4. - S. 105-108 (In Russ.)]
  29. Priotti J., Baglioni M. V., García A., Rico M. J., Leonardi D., Lamas M. C., Márquez M. M. Repositioning of anti-parasitic drugs in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer // AAPS PharmSciTech. - 2018. – V. 19(8), – Р. 3734-3741
  30. Макарова М.Н., Ильинская М.А. Зоотехнические особенности воспроизводства мышей линии BALB/C. Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2020; 1: 29–41. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2020-01-04 [Makarova M., Ilyinskaya M. Facilities of the Breeding Performance of BALB/с mice. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2020; 1: 29–41. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2020-01-04(In Russ.)]
  31. Jimoh M.A., Idris O.A., Jimoh M.O. Cytotoxicity, phytochemical, antiparasitic screening, and antioxidant activities of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) // Plants. – 2020. – V. 9. – Р. 1249.
  32. Juarez M., Schcolnik-Cabrera A., Dueñas-Gonzalez A. The multitargeted drug ivermectin: from an antiparasitic agent to a repositioned cancer drug // American journal of cancer research. – 2018. – V. 8. – №. 2. – Р. 317.
  33. Krieg R., Jortzik E., Goetz A.A., Blandin S., Wittlin S., Elhabiri M. Arylmethylamino steroids as antiparasitic agents // Nature communications. . – 2017. – V. 8(1). – Р. 1-12.
  34. Авдеева О.И., Макарова М.Н., Кательникова А.Е., Симановская М.С. Оценка токсического действия некоторых носителей, используемых в доклинических исследованиях // Международный вестник ветеринарии. - 2016. - № 4. - С. 90-96. [Avdeeva O.I., Makarova M.N., Katel'nikova A.E., Simanovskaya M.S. Otsenka toksicheskogo deistviya nekotorykh nositelei, ispol'zuemykh v doklinicheskikh issledovaniyakh // Mezhdunarodnyi vestnik veterinarii. - 2016. - № 4. - Р. 90-96. (In Russ.)]
  35. Крышень К.Л., Кательникова А.Е., Росина Е.В., Акулова Е.Г., Макарова/ М.Н., Лютов А.Г., Макаров В.Г. Экспериментальная оценка эффективности препарата габриглобин-igm (обогащенный иммуноглобулинами класса m) на модели ЛПС-индуцированного септического шока у мышей // Биофармацевтический журнал. - 2016. - Т. 8. - С. 44-49. [Kryshen' K.L., Katel'nikova A.E., Rosina E.V., Akulova E.G., Makarova/ M.N., Lyutov A.G., Makarov V.G. Eksperimental'naya otsenka effektivnosti preparata gabriglobin-igm (obogashchennyi immunoglobulinami klassa m) na modeli LPS-indutsirovannogo septicheskogo shoka u myshei // Biofarmatsevticheskii zhurnal. - 2016. - V. 8. - Р. 44-49. (In Russ.)]
  36. Ковалева М.А., Гущин Я.А., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г. Сравнительное
    исследование использования высококалорийных диет, обогащенных разным количеством липидов, для моделирования метаболического синдрома. Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2019; 1. DOI. 10/29926/2618723X-2019-01-04 [Kovaleva M., Gushchin Ya., Makarova М., Makarov V. A comparative study of the use of highcalorie diets enriched by different number of lipids for modeling metabolic syndrome. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2019; 1. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2019-01-04 (In Russ.)]
  37. Бондарева Е.Д., Макарова М.Н., Ковалева М.А., Ходько С.В., Макаров В.Г. Нормативно-правовое регулирование деятельности питомников и экспериментально-биологических клиник (вивариев). Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2018; 4. https://DOI.org/10.29926/2618723X-2018-04-08 [Bondareva E., Makarova M., Kovaleva M., Khodko S., Makarov V. Regulatory framework experimental biological clinics (vivaries) and nursery for laboratory animals. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2018; 4. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2018-04-08. (In Russ.)]
  38. Campbell W. History of avermectin and ivermectin, with notes on the history of other macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic agents // Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. – 2012. – V. 13. – Р. 853-865. DOI: 10.2174 / 138920112800399095
  39. Khan Sharun T.S., Aneesha V.A., Dhama K., Pawde A.M., Pal A. Current therapeutic applications and pharmacokinetic modulations of ivermectin // Veterinary world. – 2019. – V. 12. – №. 8. – Р. 1204. DOI: 10.14202 / vetworld.2019.1204-1211
  40. McKellar Q. A. Clinical and pharmacological properties of ivermectin in rabbits and guinea pigs // The Veterinary Record. – 1992. – V. 130. – №. 4. – Р. 71-73. DOI: 10.1136 / vr.130.4.71
  41. Gokbulut C. Plasma dispositions of ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin following subcutaneous administration in rabbits // Laboratory animals. – 2010. – V. 44. – Р. 138-142. DOI: 10.1258 / la.2009.009053
  42. Williams B. H. Therapeutics in ferrets // Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice. – 2000. – V. 3. – №. 1. – Р. 131-153. DOI: 10.1016 / s1094-9194 (17) 30098-1
  43. Сhittrakarn S., Janchawee B., Ruangrut P., Kansenalak S., Chethanond U., Kobasa T., Thammapalo S. Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in cats receiving a single subcutaneous dose // Research in veterinary science. – 2009. – V. 86. – №. 3. – Р. 503-507. DOI: 10.1016 / j.rvsc.2008.08.005
  44. Tennant B. BSAVA small animal formulary. – British Small Animal Veterinary Association, - 2005. – V. 5. – Р. 28-36.
  45. Варламова А.И. Острая и накожная токсичность комплексного препарата "ВИГИСОКС" // Теория и практика борьбы с паразитарными болезнями. -- 2012. - № 13. - С. 89. [Ivanyuk V.P. Sovremennye preparaty dlya bor'by s assotsiirovannymi gel'mintozami svinei // Vestnik Bryanskoi gosudarstvennoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii. – 2017. – №. 3 (61). – Р. 30-34 (In Russ.)]

  46. Bazelle M.J., Bedford M.P., Bell M.A., Bower M.J., Chandler M.E., Corkhill M.R., Elliott M.R. British Small Animal Veterinary Association Annual General Meeting // Journal of Small Animal Practice. – 2016. – V. 57. – Р. 60-64. DOI: 10.1111 / jsap.2_12431
  47. Villar D., Cray C., Zaias J., Altman N.H. Biologic effects of fenbendazole in rats and mice: a review // Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. – 2007. – V. 46. – №. 6. – P. 8-15.
  48. d’Ovidio D., Noviello E., Ianniello D., Cringoli G., Rinaldi L. Survey of endoparasites in pet guinea pigs in Italy // Parasitology research. – 2015. – V. 114. – №. 3. – P. 1213-1216. DOI: 10.1007 / s00436-014-4289-7
  49. Short C.R., Barker S.A., Hsieh L.C., McDowell T. Disposition of fenbendazole in the rabbit // Research in veterinary science. – 1988. – V. 44(2), - Р. 215-219. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)30842-7
  50. Petersen M. B., Friis C. Pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole following intravenous and oral administration to pigs // American journal of veterinary research. – 2000. – V. 61. – №. 5. – Р. 573-576. DOI.org/10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.573
  51. McKellar Q.A., Harrison P., Galbraith E.A., Inglis, H. Pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in dogs // Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. – 1990. – V. 13. – №. 4. – Р. 386-392. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00793.x
  52. Abulaihaiti M., Wu X.W., Qiao L., Lv H.L., Zhang H.W., Aduwayi N.. Efficacy of albendazole-chitosan microsphere-based treatment for alveolar echinococcosis in mice //PLoS Negl Trop Dis. – 2015. – V. 9. – №. 9. – Р. 44-62. e0003950. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003950
  53. Dziekońska-Rynko J., Rokicki J., Jabłonowski Z. Effects of ivermectin and albendazole against Anisakis simplex in vitro and in guinea pigs // Journal of Parasitology. – 2002. – V. 88. – №. 2. – Р. 395-398. DOI: 10.1645 / 0022-3395 (2002) 088 [0395: EOIAAA] 2.0.CO; 2
  54. Cai Z.Y., Galettis P., Lu Y., Morris D.L., Pourgholami M.H Pharmacokinetics of albendazole in New Zealand white rabbits: oral versus intraperitoneal administration // Anticancer research. – 2007. – V. 27. – №. 1A. – Р. 417-422.
  55. Barwari W.O., Al-Mukhtar A.M. Effectiveness of albendazole against viability of entamoeba histolytica in mice and rabbits // Annals of the College of Medicine Mosul. – 2008. – V. 34. – №. 1. – Р. 64-68 DOI 10.33899 / ммед.2008.8947
  56. Capece B.S., Virkel G.L., Lanusse C.E. Enantiomeric behaviour of albendazole and fenbendazole sulfoxides in domestic animals: pharmacological implications // The Veterinary Journal. – 2009. – V. 181. – №. 3. – Р. 241-250.
  57. Eberhard, M.L., Brandt, F.H., Ruiz-Tiben, E., Hightower A. Chemoprophylactic drug trials for treatment of dracunculiasis using the Dracunculus insignis-ferret model // Journal of helminthology. – 1990. – V. 64. – №. 2. – Р. 79-86 DOI: 10.1017 / s0022149x00011962
  58. Hamidu, B.B., Tettevi, E.J., Larbi, J.A., The efficacy of albendazole and levamisole drug combination in individuals with reduced efficacy for single‐dose albendazole treatment against hookworm infections // American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. – 2014. – Р. 152. DOI: 10.1023 / a: 1014214122167
  59. Ayoade G.O., Adejinmi J.O., Abiola J.O., Lucas F. Efficacy of some anthelmintics used in porcine practice in Ibadan, Nigeria // African Journal of Biomedical Research. – 2003. – V. 6. – №. 2. – Р. 109-110. DOI: 10.4314 / ajbr.v6i2.54035
  60. Štukelj M., Valenčak Z., Rataj A.V Posedi Effective treatment of giardiosis in pigs ey ale endazole // Slov Vet Res. – 2011. – V. 48 (2). – Р. 51-56.
  61. Иванюк В.П. Современные препараты для борьбы с ассоциированными гельминтозами свиней // Вестник Брянской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. – 2017. – №. 3 (61). – С. 30-34 [Ivanyuk V.P. Sovremennye preparaty dlya bor'by s assotsiirovannymi gel'mintozami svinei // Vestnik Bryanskoi gosudarstvennoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii. – 2017. – №. 3 (61). – Р. 30-34 (In Russ.)]]
  62. Kim M.S., Lim J.H., Hwang Y.H., Park B.K., Song I.B., Yun H.I. Plasma disposition of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, in rabbits after oral administration // Veterinary parasitology. – 2010. – V. 169. – №. 1-2. – Р. 51-56. DOI: 10.1016 / j.vetpar.2009.12.011
  63. Дьяченко Ю.В. Стратегия выбора антигельминтиков для проведения дегельминтизации служебных собак // Диагностика, лечение и профилактика заболеваний сельскохозяйственных животных. – 2007. – С. 18-21. [D'yachenko, Yu.V. Strategiya vybora antigel'mintikov dlya provedeniya degel'mintizatsii sluzhebnykh sobak // Diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika zabolevanii sel'skokhozyaistvennykh zhivotnykh. – 2007. – Р. 18-21. (In Russ.)]
  64. Arisov M.V., Indyuhova E.N., Arisova G.B. Pharmacokinetics of combination antiparasitic drug preparation for dogs and cats in the form of spot-on solution // Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. – 2019. – V. 6. – №. 1. – P. 25. doi.org/10.5455/javar.2019.f308
  65. Kvaternick V., Kellermann M., Knaus M., Rehbein S., Rosentel J. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of eprinomectin in cats when administered in a novel topical combination of fipronil,(S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel // Veterinary Parasitology. – 2014. – V. 202. – №. 1-2. – Р. 2-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.031

You may be interested